Full title: Clinical examination : a systematic guide to physical diagnosis / Nicholas J Talley, Simon O'Connor.

Author/creator: O'Connor, Simon, Talley, Nicholas Joseph.

Call Numbers: H 2013/7879

Record Identifier: 74VK6eBoQ4xZ

Language: English

Formats: Books

Contents: xxvii, 590 pages : colour illustrations, colour portraits ; 26 cm., , , , Machine generated contents note: SECTION 1 THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF HISTORY TAKING AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION -- ch. 1 The general principles of history taking -- T&O'C essentials -- Bedside manner and establishing rapport -- Obtaining the history -- Introductory questions -- T&O'C essentials -- Presenting (principal) symptom -- History of the presenting illness -- Current symptoms -- Associated symptoms -- The effect of the illness -- Drug and treatment history -- Past history -- Menstrual history -- Social history -- T&O'C essentials -- Upbringing and education level -- Marital status, social support and living conditions -- Diet and exercise -- Occupation and hobbies -- Overseas travel -- Smoking -- Alcohol use -- Analgesics and street drugs -- Mood -- Sexual history -- Family history -- Systems review -- Skills in history-taking -- T&O'C essentials -- References -- ch. 2 Advanced history taking -- Taking a good history -- The differential diagnosis --, Contents note continued: Fundamental considerations when taking the history -- Personal history taking -- Sexual history -- Cross-cultural history taking -- The ùncooperative' or d̀ifficult' patient -- Self-harming and Munchhausen's syndrome -- History taking for the maintenance of good health -- The elderly patient -- Activities of daily living -- Polypharmacy -- Adherence -- Mental state -- Specific problems in the elderly -- Advanced care planning and living wills (advance health directives) -- Evidence-based history taking and differential diagnosis -- The clinical assessment -- Concluding the consultation -- T&O'C essentials -- References -- ch. 3 The general principles of physical examination -- Clinical examination -- How to start -- First impressions -- Vital signs -- Facies -- Jaundice -- Cyanosis -- Pallor -- Hair -- Weight, body habitus and posture -- Hydration -- The hands and nails -- Temperature -- Smell -- Preparing the patient for examination --, Contents note continued: Evidence-based clinical examination -- Inter-observer agreement (reliability) and the K-statistic -- T&O'C essentials -- Introduction to the OSCE -- References -- SECTION 2 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM -- ch. 4 The cardiovascular history -- Presenting symptoms -- Chest pain -- Dyspnoea -- Ankle swelling -- Palpitations -- Syncope, presyncope and dizziness -- Fatigue -- Intermittent claudication and peripheral vascular disease -- Risk factors for coronary artery disease -- Drug and treatment history -- Past history -- Social history -- Family history -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: CVS history -- OSCE example: CVS history -- References -- ch. 5 The cardiac examination -- Examination anatomy -- Positioning the patient -- General appearance -- Hands -- Arterial pulse -- Rate of pulse -- Rhythm -- Radiofemoral and radial--radial delay -- Character and volume -- Condition of the vessel wall -- Blood pressure --, Contents note continued: Measuring the blood pressure with the sphygmomanometer -- Variations in blood pressure -- High blood pressure -- Postural blood pressure -- Face -- Neck -- Jugular venous pressure -- Praecordium -- Inspection -- Palpation -- Percussion -- Auscultation -- Abnormalities of the heart sounds -- Murmurs of the heart -- Auscultation of the neck -- The back -- The abdomen -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE example: CVS examination -- OSCE revision topics: CVS examination -- References -- ch. 6 The lower limb examination and peripheral vascular disease -- Examination anatomy -- Arms -- Legs -- Lower limbs -- Peripheral vascular disease -- Acute arterial occlusion -- Deep venous thrombosis -- Varicose veins -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE example: peripheral vascular disease -- References -- ch. 7 Correlation of physical signs and cardiovascular disease -- Cardiac failure -- Left ventricular failure (LVF) -- Right ventricular failure (RVF) -- Chest pain --, Contents note continued: Myocardial infarction -- Pulmonary embolism -- Acute aortic dissection -- Pericardial disease -- Acute pericarditis -- Chronic constrictive pericarditis -- Acute cardiac tamponade -- Infective endocarditis -- Systemic hypertension -- Causes of systemic hypertension -- Complications of hypertension -- Malignant (accelerated) hypertension -- Pulmonary hypertension -- Causes of pulmonary hypertension -- Innocent murmurs -- Valve diseases of the left heart -- Mitral stenosis -- Mitral regurgitation (chronic) -- Acute mitral regurgitation -- Mitral valve prolapse (systolic-click murmur syndrome) -- Aortic stenosis -- Aortic regurgitation -- Valve diseases of the right heart -- Tricuspid stenosis -- Tricuspid regurgitation -- Pulmonary stenosis (in adults) -- Pulmonary regurgitation -- Prosthetic heart valves -- Cardiomyopathy -- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy -- Dilated cardiomyopathy -- Restrictive cardiomyopathy -- Acyanotic congenital heart disease --, Contents note continued: Ventricular septal defect -- Atrial septal defect -- Patent ductus arteriosus -- Coarctation of the aorta -- Ebstein's anomaly -- Cyanotic congenital heart disease -- Eisenmenger's syndrome (pulmonary hypertension and a right-to-left shunt) -- Tetralogy of Fallot -- G̀rown-up' congenital heart disease -- Tetralogy of Fallot -- Transposition of the great arteries -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE example: cardiovascular examination -- OSCE revision topics: cardiovascular examination -- References -- ch. 8 A summary of the cardiovascular examination and extending the cardiovascular examination -- Extending the cardiovascular physical examination -- The chest X-ray: a systematic approach -- The echocardiogram -- T&O'C essentials -- SECTION 3 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM -- ch. 9 The respiratory history -- Presenting symptoms -- Cough and sputum -- Haemoptysis -- Breathlessness (dyspnoea) -- Wheeze -- Chest pain -- Other presenting symptoms -- Treatment --, Contents note continued: Past history -- Occupational history -- Social history -- Family history -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the respiratory history -- References -- ch. 10 The respiratory examination -- Examination anatomy -- Positioning the patient -- General appearance -- Dyspnoea -- Characteristic signs of COPD -- Cyanosis -- Character of the cough -- Sputum -- Stridor -- Hoarseness -- Hands -- Clubbing -- Staining -- Wasting and weakness -- Pulse rate -- Flapping tremor (asterixis) -- Face -- Trachea -- Chest -- Inspection -- Palpation -- Percussion -- Auscultation -- The heart -- The abdomen -- Other -- Pemberton's sign -- Legs -- Respiratory rate on exercise -- Temperature -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the respiratory examination -- References -- ch. 11 Correlation of physical signs and respiratory disease -- Respiratory distress: respiratory failure -- Consolidation (lobar pneumonia) -- Symptoms -- Signs --, Contents note continued: Causes of community-acquired pneumonia -- Atelectasis (collapse) -- Signs -- Causes -- Pleural effusion -- Signs -- Causes -- Yellow nail syndrome -- Pneumothorax -- Signs -- Causes -- Tension pneumothorax -- Signs -- Causes -- Bronchiectasis -- Signs -- Causes -- Bronchial asthma -- Signs -- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- Signs -- Causes of generalised emphysema -- Chronic bronchitis -- Signs -- Causes -- Interstitial lung disease (ILD) -- Signs -- Causes -- Tuberculosis -- Primary tuberculosis -- Post-primary tuberculosis -- Miliary tuberculosis -- Mediastinal compression -- Signs -- Carcinoma of the lung -- Respiratory and chest signs -- Apical (Pancoast's) tumour -- Distant metastases -- Non-metastatic extrapulmonary manifestations -- Sarcoidosis -- Pulmonary signs -- Extrapulmonary signs -- Pulmonary embolism (PE) -- Signs -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: respiratory disease -- References --, Contents note continued: ch. 12 A summary of the respiratory examination and extending the respiratory examination -- Extending the respiratory physical examination -- Bedside assessment of lung function -- The chest X-ray and CT scan in respiratory medicine -- Chest X-ray checklist -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: respiratory investigations -- References -- SECTION 4 THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM -- ch. 13 The gastrointestinal history -- Presenting symptoms -- Abdominal pain -- Patterns of pain -- Appetite and weight change -- Early satiation and postprandial fullness -- Nausea and vomiting -- Heartburn and acid regurgitation -- Dysphagia -- Diarrhoea -- Constipation -- Mucus -- Bleeding -- Jaundice -- Pruritus -- Abdominal bloating and swelling -- Lethargy -- Treatment -- Past history -- Social history -- Family history -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the gastrointestinal history -- References -- ch. 14 The gastrointestinal examination --, Contents note continued: Examination anatomy -- Positioning the patient -- General appearance -- Jaundice -- Weight and wasting -- Skin -- Mental state -- Hands -- Nails -- Palms -- Hepatic flap (asterixis) -- Arms -- Face -- Eyes -- Salivary glands -- Mouth -- Neck and chest -- Abdomen -- Inspection -- Palpation -- Percussion -- Ascites -- Auscultation -- Hernias -- Examination anatomy -- Hernias in the groin -- Epigastric hernia -- Incisional hernias -- Rectal examination -- The pelvic floor---special tests for pelvic floor dysfunction -- Ending the rectal exam -- Proctosigmoidoscopy -- Procedure -- Common abnormalities seen on sigmoidoscopy -- Testing of the stools for blood -- Other -- Examination of the gastrointestinal contents -- Faeces -- Vomitus -- Urinalysis -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the gastrointestinal examination -- References -- ch. 15 Correlation of physical signs and gastrointestinal disease -- Examination of the acute abdomen --, Contents note continued: Acute abdomen after blunt trauma -- Liver disease -- Signs -- Portal hypertension -- Signs -- Causes -- Hepatic encephalopathy -- Grading -- Causes -- Dysphagia -- Signs -- Gastrointestinal bleeding -- Assessing degree of blood loss -- Determining the possible bleeding site -- Inflammatory bowel disease -- Ulcerative colitis -- Crohn's disease -- Malabsorption and nutritional status -- Signs -- Causes -- Classification of malabsorption -- T&O'C essentials -- References -- ch. 16 A summary of the gastrointestinal examination and extending the gastrointestinal examination -- Extending the gastrointestinal examination -- Endoscopy -- Biochemistry -- Imaging the gastrointestinal system -- Abdominal X-rays -- Abdominal ultrasound -- CT of the abdomen -- SECTION 5 THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM -- ch. 17 The genitourinary history -- Presenting symptoms -- Change in appearance of the urine -- Urinary tract infection -- Urinary obstruction -- Urinary incontinence --, Contents note continued: Chronic kidney disease -- Menstrual and sexual history -- Treatment -- Past history -- Social history -- Family history -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: genitourinary history -- References -- ch. 18 The genitourinary examination -- Examination anatomy -- The examination -- General appearance -- Hands -- Arms -- Face -- Neck -- Chest -- The abdominal examination -- Inspection -- Palpation -- Ballotting -- Percussion -- Auscultation -- Rectal and pelvic examination -- The back -- Legs -- Blood pressure -- Fundi -- Male genitalia -- Differential diagnosis of a scrotal mass -- Pelvic examination -- Taking a cervical (Pap) smear -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: genitourinary examination -- References -- ch. 19 A summary of the examination of chronic kidney disease and extending the genitourinary examination -- Extending the genitourinary examination -- Investigations -- Imaging the kidneys -- T&O'C essentials -- Reference --, Contents note continued: SECTION 6 THE HAEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM -- ch. 20 The haematological history -- Haematological disorders -- Presenting symptoms -- Red cell abnormalities -- Platelets -- Recurrent infection -- Treatment history -- Past history -- Social history -- Family history -- T&O'C essentials -- ch. 21 The haematological examination -- Examination anatomy -- General appearance -- Hands -- Forearms -- Epitrochlear nodes -- Axillary nodes -- Face -- Cervical and supraclavicular nodes -- Bone tenderness -- The abdominal examination -- Inguinal nodes -- Legs -- Fundi -- T&O'C essentials -- References -- ch. 22 A summary of the haematological examination and extending the haematological examination -- Extending the haematological physical examination -- Haematology tests -- Examination of the peripheral blood film -- Anaemia -- Pancytopenia -- Acute leukaemia -- Chronic leukaemia -- Myeloproliferative disease -- Lymphoma -- Multiple myeloma -- Haematological imaging --, Contents note continued: T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the haematological system -- SECTION 7 THE RHEUMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM -- ch. 23 The rheumatological history -- Presenting symptoms -- Peripheral joints -- Back pain -- Limb pain -- Raynaud's phenomenon -- Dry eyes and mouth -- Red eyes -- Systemic symptoms -- Treatment history -- Past history -- Social history -- Family history -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the rheumatological history -- References -- ch. 24 The rheumatological examination -- Examination anatomy -- General inspection -- Principles of joint examination -- Look -- Feel -- Move -- Measure -- Assessment of individual joints -- Hands and wrists -- Elbows -- Shoulders -- Temporomandibular joints -- Neck -- Thoracolumbar spine and sacroiliac joints -- Hips -- Knees -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the rheumatological examination -- References -- ch. 25 Correlation of physical signs and rheumatological disease --, Contents note continued: Rheumatoid arthritis -- General inspection -- Hands -- Wrists -- Elbows -- Shoulders and axillae -- Eyes -- Parotids -- Mouth -- Temporomandibular joints -- Neck -- Chest -- Heart -- Abdomen -- Lower limbs -- Ankles and feet -- Seronegative spondyloarthritides -- Ankylosing spondylitis -- Reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome) -- Psoriatic arthritis -- Enteropathic arthritis -- Gouty arthritis -- Calcium pyrophosphate arthritis (pseudogout) -- Calcium hydroxyapatite arthritis -- Systemic lupus erythematosus -- General inspection -- Hands -- Forearms -- Head and neck -- Chest -- Abdomen -- Hips -- Legs -- Urine and blood pressure -- Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) -- General inspection -- Hands -- Arms -- Face -- Chest -- Legs -- Urinalysis and blood pressure -- Rheumatic fever -- Examining the patient with suspected rheumatic fever -- The vasculitides -- Soft-tissue rheumatism -- Fibromyalgia syndrome -- Shoulder syndromes --, Contents note continued: Elbow epicondylitis (tennis and golfer's elbow) -- Tenosynovitis of the wrist -- Bursitis -- Nerve entrapment syndromes -- Carpal tunnel syndrome -- Meralgia paraesthetica -- Tarsal tunnel syndrome -- Morton's ǹeuroma' -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: rheumatological disease -- References -- ch. 26 A summary of the rheumatological examination and extending the rheumatological examination -- Extending the rheumatological system examination -- Rheumatology investigations -- Imaging -- T&O'C essentials -- References -- SECTION 8 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM -- ch. 27 The endocrine history -- Presenting symptoms -- Changes in appetite and weight -- Changes in bowel habit -- Changes in sweating -- Changes in hair distribution -- Lethargy -- Changes in the skin and nails -- Changes in pigmentation -- Changes in stature -- Erectile dysfunction (impotence) -- Galactorrhoea -- Menstruation -- Polyuria -- Past history -- Social history -- Family history --, Contents note continued: T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the endocrine history -- ch. 28 The endocrine examination -- The thyroid -- The thyroid gland -- Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) -- Hypothyroidism (myxoedema) -- The pituitary -- Panhypopituitarism -- Acromegaly -- Other pituitary syndromes -- The adrenals -- Cushing's syndrome -- Addison's disease -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the endocrine examination -- References -- ch. 29 Correlation of physical signs and endocrine disease -- Calcium metabolism -- Primary hyperparathyroidism -- The MEN syndromes -- Hypoparathyroidism -- Osteoporosis and osteomalacia -- Syndromes associated with short stature -- Turner's syndrome (45XO) -- Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) -- Achondroplasia (dwarfism) -- Rickets -- Hirsutism -- Gynaecomastia -- Diabetes mellitus -- Paget's disease -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: endocrine system -- References --, Contents note continued: ch. 30 A summary of the endocrine examination and extending the endocrine examination -- The endocrine examination: a suggested method -- Extending the endocrine physical examination -- Diagnostic testing -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: endocrine system -- SECTION 9 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM -- ch. 31 The neurological history -- Presenting symptoms -- Headache and facial pain -- Faints and fits -- Dizziness -- Visual disturbances and deafness -- Disturbances of gait -- Disturbed sensation or weakness in the limbs -- Tremor and involuntary movements -- Speech and mental status -- Past health -- Medication history -- Social history -- Family history -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the neurological history -- References -- ch. 32 The neurological examination: the cranial nerves -- Examination anatomy -- General signs -- Consciousness -- Neck stiffness -- Handedness -- Orientation -- The cranial nerves -- Examination anatomy --, Contents note continued: General inspection -- The first (olfactory) nerve -- The second (optic) nerve -- The third (oculomotor), fourth (trochlear) and sixth (abducens) nerves---the ocular nerves -- The fifth (trigeminal) nerve -- The seventh (facial) nerve -- The eighth (acoustic) nerve -- The ninth (glossopharyngeal) and tenth (vagus) nerves -- The eleventh (accessory) nerve -- The twelfth (hypoglossal) nerve -- Multiple cranial nerve lesions -- Head and neck -- Carotid bruits -- T&O'C essentials -- References -- OSCE example: introduction (stem) -- ch. 33 The neurological examination: speech and higher centres -- Examination of speech -- Dysphasia -- Dysarthria -- Dysphonia -- The cerebral hemispheres -- Parietal lobe function -- Temporal lobe function -- Frontal lobe function -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: speech and higher centres -- References -- ch. 34 The neurological examination: the peripheral nervous system -- Limbs and trunk -- History --, Contents note continued: Examination anatomy -- General examination approach -- General inspection -- Upper limbs -- Lower limbs -- Gait -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the peripheral nervous system -- References -- ch. 35 Correlation of physical signs and neurological syndromes and disease -- Upper motor neurone lesions -- Causes of hemiplegia (upper motor neurone lesion) -- Lower motor neurone lesions -- Motor neurone disease -- Peripheral neuropathy -- Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy) -- Multiple sclerosis -- Thickened peripheral nerves -- Spinal cord compression -- Important spinal cord syndromes -- Brown-Sequard syndrome -- Subacute combined degeneration of the cord (vitamin B12 deficiency) -- Dissociated sensory loss -- Syringomyelia (a central cavity in the spinal cord) -- An extensor plantar response plus absent knee and ankle jerks -- Myopathy -- Dystrophia myotonica -- Myasthenia gravis -- The cerebellum --, Contents note continued: Parkinson's disease -- Inspection -- Gait and movements -- Tremor -- Tone -- Face -- Writing -- Causes of Parkinson's syndrome -- Other extrapyramidal movement disorders (dyskinesia) -- Chorea -- Dystonia -- The unconscious patient -- General inspection -- Level of consciousness -- Neck -- Head and face -- Upper and lower limbs -- Body -- Urine -- Blood glucose -- Temperature -- Coma scale -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: neurological syndromes and disorders -- References -- ch. 36 A summary of the neurological examination and extending the neurological examination -- Handedness, orientation and speech -- Neck stiffness and Kernig's sign -- Cranial nerves -- Upper limbs -- Lower limbs -- Diagnostic testing -- Lumbar puncture -- Neurological imaging -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: higher centres and cranial nerves -- ch. 37 The psychiatric history and mental health examination -- Obtaining the history -- Introductory questions --, Contents note continued: History of the presenting illness -- Past history and treatment history -- Family history -- Social and personal history -- The mental state examination -- The diagnosis -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the psychiatric history and the mental state examination -- References -- SECTION 10 SPECIALTY EXAMINATIONS -- ch. 38 The eyes, ears, nose and throat -- Eyes -- Examination anatomy -- History -- Examination method -- Diplopia -- Horner's syndrome -- Iritis -- Glaucoma -- Shingles -- Eyelid -- Ears -- Examination anatomy -- History -- Examination method -- Nose and sinuses -- Examination anatomy -- History -- Examination method -- Sinusitis -- Mouth and throat -- Examination anatomy -- History -- Examination method -- Pharyngitis -- Supraglottitis (epiglottitis) -- Common investigations -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE examples -- OSCE revision topics: eyes, ears, nose and throat -- References -- ch. 39 The breasts -- Examination anatomy --, Contents note continued: History -- Examination -- Inspection -- Palpation -- Evaluation of a breast lump -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: the breasts -- References -- ch. 40 The skin, nails and lumps -- Examination anatomy -- Dermatological history -- General principles of physical examination of the skin -- How to approach the clinical diagnosis of a lump -- Correlation of physical signs and skin disease -- Pruritus -- Erythrosquamous eruptions -- Blistering eruptions -- Erythroderma -- Pustular and crusted lesions -- Dermal plaques -- Erythema nodosum -- Erythema multiforme -- Cellulitis and erysipelas -- Folliculitis, furuncles and carbuncles -- Other infections -- Hyperpigmentation -- Flushing and sweating -- Skin tumours -- The nails -- T&O'C essentials -- OSCE example: skin -- References -- ch. 41 A system for the infectious diseases examination -- Pyrexia of unknown origin -- History -- Examination -- HIV infection and AIDS -- History -- Examination --, Contents note continued: T&O'C essentials -- OSCE revision topics: infectious diseases -- References -- ch. 42 Assessment of the geriatric patient -- History taking in geriatric patients: special considerations -- Physical examination in geriatric patients: special considerations -- OSCE revision topics: assessment of the geriatric patient -- References -- ch. 43 Assessment of the acutely ill patient -- Initial assessment -- Level of consciousness -- Further examination -- OSCE example: emergency care -- References -- ch. 44 Assessment of death -- Assessment -- Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders -- Do not misdiagnose death -- Examining a suspected death -- Informing relatives -- Completing the death certificate -- Postmortem -- Organ donation -- APPENDIX I Writing and presenting the history and physical examination -- History -- Physical examination (PE) -- Provisional diagnosis -- Problem list and plans -- Continuation notes -- Presentation -- Suggested reading --, Contents note continued: APPENDIX II A suggested method for a rapid screening physical examination -- Hands and arms -- Face -- Front of the neck -- Chest -- Back of the chest and neck -- Abdomen -- Legs -- Neurological examination -- Completing the examination -- APPENDIX III The pre-anaesthetic medical evaluation (PAME) -- The history -- Cardiovascular history -- The respiratory history -- Other -- The examination.

Publishers: Chatswood, NSW Elsevier Australia, [2014]

Notes: Previous edition: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2010. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Permalink: https://collection.sl.nsw.gov.au/record/74VK6eBoQ4xZ

DDC: 616.075

MMS ID: 991021064969702626